The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 1801 Words

The Cold War from 1945 to 1960 exemplified the consequences of having two world superpowers. Following the conclusion of World War Two, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the top nations around the world. The two nations were polar opposites. The United States was a flourishing democracy and an ideology of freedom for citizens. The Soviet Union under the control of the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin was a strict totalitarian government with communist ideals. The Cold War period would represent the tension, controversy, and differences between the two nations attempting to be considered the top power militarily, socially, economically and politically. The origins of the Cold War can be explained by the vast number of†¦show more content†¦Economically, the United States believed in a capitalist approach and a free-market while the Soviets practiced the path of socialism and state-planning. For both countries, their opponent during the Cold War seemed to call into question the fundamentals to their society. These differences seemed like attacks to the other and would cause the tension among the two nations to grow very deep and can be considered one of the greatest origins of the Cold War. Another origin of the Cold War can be attributed to the conflicting desires of the two superpowers. Both nations wanted to have global influences around the world in order for them to achieve distinct goals. The United States had economic desires. The nation wished to establish trade partnerships, new resources and make money for the country. The American economy was already flourishing, and that would continue if the United States expanded into global markets. However, the Soviet Union had desires along the ideological path. Their leader, Joseph Stalin hoped to spread Communism and establish satellite nations. This origin of the cold war also appeared to be a goal for the Soviet Unions. By establishing these satellite nations, the Soviet Union would have a broader sphere of influence as the top communist nation around the world. In contrast with this goal, the United States developed the containment policy which will be a key objective for the U.S. during the Cold War. The containme nt policy outlined theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselv es through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insec urity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers

The Hacked World Order By Adam Segal - 1259 Words

Adam Segal’s â€Å"The Hacked World Order† reveals many prevalent issues in today’s technologically centered society. Starting at Year Zero, June 2012 to June 2013, the battle over cyberspace witnessed world-changing cyberattacks. This was accomplished due to the fact that nearly 75% of the world’s population has easy access to a mobile phone, and the Internet connects nearly 40% of the total human population, which is nearly 2.7 billion people. With that being said, cyberattacks are becoming a more realistic form of terror. The danger behind these attacks is Year Zero began with the detection of the Stuxnet malware, allegedly developed by the United States, who partnered with Israel. This malware was released in order to damage Iranian machines and â€Å"mess with Iran’s best scientific minds.† Stuxnet proved that the United States was willing to do whatever it took to develop these forms of offensive capabilities which are needed to â€Å"dominate the cyber battlespace.† This attack was used to send Iran’s nuclear program back almost two years. I think that what made Stuxnet dangerous was that it was nearly impossible to detect, developers had â€Å"zero days† to fix or patch damage that had already been done. The computers used to transfer the malware were not connected to the Internet, they jumped the â€Å"air gap† by allowing the malware to be transferred through portable devices, leading to an even more traumatic cyberattack. I believe that the US knew the risks for deploying this type ofSh ow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAre You Feeling Right Now? 98 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Affect Intensity? 104 Myth or Science? We Are Better Judges of When Others Are Happy Than When They Are Sad 107 glOBalization! Should You Expect â€Å"Service with a Smile† All Around the World? 108 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123

Organisational Behaviour for Stereotypes - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Behaviour for Stereotypes. Answer: Positive And Negative Impact Of Stereotyping A stereotype is defined as an oversimplified idea or fixed image about a specific group or class of people that is widely accepted by a significant number of people. In other words, it is a general image of a person or groups set of characteristics or attributed which are widely accepted (Ryan and Sackett, 2013). Most people rely on stereotypes because they were taught that way about a culture or a group. Stereotyping occurs due to lack of experience that people have regarding a particular culture or a group, so they rely on stereotyping to fill the missing information about a person. Similarly, in organisations, employees and managers rely on stereotypes while communicating with people from different culture or religion to avoid making any statement that might be offensive to them. However, stereotyping did not take into consideration personal attributes of a person based on which employees can mistreat people from another culture in an organisation which can offend him and it incre ases conflict among employees (Kalokerinos, Von Hippel and Zacher, 2014). In order to address this issue, companies implement organisational behaviour theories. Organisational behaviour is a study of peoples interaction within a group which assist management in improving their efficiency and establishing a positive working culture (Miner, 2015). This essay will analyse what stereotypes are and why people use them in an organisational setting. This essay will analyse the impact of stereotyping at a workplace and evaluate how it affects employees performance. Further, various recommendations will be provided in the essay for minimising stereotyping at the workplace by using different organisational behaviour theories. The human resource department in organisations focuses on establishing a supportive working environment that effectively manages diversity among different employees. The companies are becoming more global which increases the requirement for diversity management. Roh and Kim (2016) provided that the diversity management is referred to the strategy which is used by a corporation for creating an inclusive and diverse workplace. Effective diversity management policies ensure that people from different cultures, background, religion, gender and caste are able to work together and support each others actions. However, stereotyping at a workplace leads to increasing disputes and conflicts among employees. Human nature is distinct from one another, and people have different attributes that differentiate them from others. But, stereotyping relies on an oversimplified image of a group or class of people based on specific characteristics (Li, Bagger and Cropanzano, 2017). People feel offended i f they are judged based on stereotypes rather than their personal characteristics. In organisations, managers rely on stereotypes due to its merits. The advantage of stereotyping is that it enables people to rapidly respond to specific situations because they have a similar experience before. In an organisational setting, leaders can rely on stereotypes while communicating with other employees so that they are able to relate to them without even knowing them. Tran and Vu (2016) argued that stereotyping enable people to fill the missing information regarding a person based on characteristics of a group or culture from which he/she belongs to. Stereotyping helps leaders when they communicate with workers from different cultures because they can rely on stereotypes and ensure that they did not make any remark that might offend them. However, in organisations, stereotyping can have a negative impact that reduces employees productivity and raise workplace disputes. There are a number of limitations of using of stereotypes at the workplace. Guillaume et al. (2017) stated that stereotyping puts labels on individual and make general assumptions about them without having any personal knowledge about them. Stereotypes are good as long as they are correct, however, incorrect stereotyping can have serious negative consequences. If a leader judges or make a remark based on an untrue stereotype about an employee, then it can offend them. The issue with stereotyping is that it makes leaders ignore the difference between each worker due to which they think things about people that are not true. Based on stereotypes, leaders can take business decisions that can affect its effectiveness. As per Big five model of personality theory, managers can divide employees based on their personalities and implement appropriate organisatio nal behaviour theories to improve their performance. The theory provides five different personalities which include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience (Walker and Vetter, 2016). However, critiques have argued that human nature differs as per each person and it cannot be categorised into five groups. Based on stereotypes, managers can make general assumptions about a persons personality and make policies for improving their performance. However, without the knowledge of personal attributes, a manager cannot judge a workers personality hence the policies will fail to motivate them. As per Equity theory of motivation, if an employee did not receive expected output based on his/her inputs, then it can negatively affect his/her productivity (Ryan, 2016). Similarly, if managers promote employees based on stereotypes rather than performance, then it will result in reduced the performance of other employees. There are a number of reasons based on which managers should make appropriate policies to minimise or eliminate stereotyping from the workplace. Lack of policies for avoiding stereotyping at the workplace can cause conflict among employees since they might mistreat each other based on stereotypes. Conflicts create a negative working environment in which it is difficult for employees to work and achieve organisational objectives (Flanagan, 2015). On the other hand, it also increases attrition rate of employees since they are more likely to switch jobs rather than working in a negative working environment. Therefore, stereotyping has a direct negative impact on a company and employees performance which reduces its effectiveness. In order to avoid stereotyping, many organisations take strict actions against people who braches diversity policies or take business decisions based on stereotypes. For example, it is a common misconception that women are not good leaders, however, corporation s are taking steps to give women employees more senior level managerial position in order to eliminate stereotypes. Harley Davidson is a good example; over 25 percent of firms workplace includes female employees, and they implement appropriate policies to promote equal growth and avoid stereotyping (Barrett, 2015). Google Incorporation also takes stereotyping very seriously and takes corrective actions against people who breach diversity management policies. For instance, the CEO of the company, Sundar Pichai, recently fired an engineer, James Damore, based on an anti-diversity memo issued by him which argued that men are superior to women (Kovach, 2018). The actions of these corporations show how important it is for companies to implementing effective diversity management policies for avoiding diversity in the workplace in order to improve employees performance and establish a positive working environment. There are different actions that can be taken by management in order to avoid stereotyping at the workplace. For example, one of the primary reasons for stereotyping is lack of experience; therefore, management should provide diversity training to employees and managers to teach them about different culture so that they avoid making assumptions. Similarly, managers should avoid making assumptions while communicating with employees which encourage other employees to improve their behaviour as well. The senior level management should also implement strict policies against stereotyping so that employees did not use stereotypes while communicating with others (Duguid and Thomas-Hunt, 2015). It will also assist in reducing stereotyping during recruitment and selection process and it will also ensure that employees are promoted based on their performance rather than stereotypes. The management can implement organisational behaviour modification: attitudes and behaviour theory of organisati onal behaviour that focuses on altering employees attitudes and behaviours to align them with corporate objectives (Walton, Murphy and Ryan, 2015). It uses technology and new found knowledge regarding human behaviour to influence employees decisions. There are five steps in this theory which include identification of issues, measuring of behaviours, establishment of triggers, development of strategies, and evaluation of effectiveness of policies (Schmader, Hall and Croft, 2015). Based on this model, managers can ensure that while communicating with each other, employees did not use stereotypes. It will assist in establishing a positive work environment in a corporation which will increase employees performance and firms profitability. In conclusion, stereotypes are referred to an oversimplification of characteristics or idea regarding a group or class of people that is widely accepted by a significant number of people. In organisations, managers and employees use stereotypes because it assists them in filling incomplete information regarding a person from different culture while communicating with him. However, stereotyping has a negative impact on a corporation because it increases workplace conflicts which reduce the performance of employees. It also results in increasing attrition rates of employees and management finds it difficult to retain employees because they did not prefer to work in a hostile environment. Therefore, stereotyping is a serious issue that affects a firms profitability, and the management should implement appropriate policies for avoiding stereotyping at the workplace. The management can take different actions to avoid stereotyping in the workplace such as providing diversity training to em ployees and managers, so they learn about other cultures and avoid making assumptions while dealing with employees from different cultures. The management can also implement strict policies against the use of stereotypes so that employees avoid using stereotypes while communicating with others. These policies can minimise or eliminate stereotyping in the workplace and establish a positive working environment which encourages employees to achieve common organisational objectives. References Barrett, R. (2015) Harley courts women and young riders. [Online] Journal Sentinel. Available at: https://archive.jsonline.com/business/harley-courts-women-and-young-riders-b99431331z1-289674181.html/ [Accessed 13th April 2018]. Duguid, M.M. and Thomas-Hunt, M.C. (2015) Condoning stereotyping? How awareness of stereotyping prevalence impacts expression of stereotypes.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), p.343. Flanagan, J. (2015) Gender and the Workplace: The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Self-Assessment of Management Skills of Female Business Students.Advancing Women in Leadership,35, p.166. Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A. (2017) Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Kalokerinos, E.K., Von Hippel, C. and Zacher, H. (2014) Is stereotype threat a useful construct for organizational psychology research and practice?.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,7(3), pp.381-402. Kovach, S. (2018) Google CEO: We didn't fire the diversity memo writer for political reasons. [Online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Google-CEO-We-didnt-fire-the-diversity-memo-writer-for-political-reasons/articleshow/62575911.cms [Accessed 13th April 2018]. Li, A., Bagger, J. and Cropanzano, R. (2017) The impact of stereotypes and supervisor perceptions of employee workfamily conflict on job performance ratings.human relations,70(1), pp.119-145. Miner, J.B. (2015)Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Roh, H. and Kim, E. (2016) The business case for gender diversity: examining the role of human resource management investments.Human Resource Management,55(3), pp.519-534. Ryan, A.M. and Sackett, P.R. (2013) Stereotype threat in workplace assessments.APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology,1, pp.661-673. Ryan, J.C. (2016) Old knowledge for new impacts: Equity theory and workforce nationalization.Journal of Business Research,69(5), pp.1587-1592. Schmader, T., Hall, W. and Croft, A. (2015) Stereotype threat in intergroup relations.APA handbook of personality and social psychology,2, pp.447-471. Tran, L.T. and Vu, T.T.P. (2016) Im not like that, why treat me the same way?The impact of stereotyping international students on their learning, employability and connectedness with the workplace.The Australian Educational Researcher,43(2), pp.203-220. Walker, M. and Vetter, T. (2016) Changing the personality of a face: Perceived Big Two and Big Five personality factors modeled in real photographs.Journal of personality and social psychology,110(4), p.609. Walton, G.M., Murphy, M.C. and Ryan, A.M. (2015) Stereotype threat in organizations: implications for equity and performance.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,2(1), pp.523-550.