Nature And The Importance of The Operational Management

Questions: ScenarioFurniture Supplier organization who gives completed great to driving furniture retailers are evaluating their administration of tasks and might want to examine new thoughts which can be actualized to improve productivity and adequacy of their business.Task 1Write a report concentrating on activities capacities, Strategic activity the board, Organization of activity procedure and arranging and control in activity. This report ought to incorporate, A clarification of why activities the executives is significant for associations Analyze the tasks elements of a chose association Evaluation, by utilizing a procedure model, of the activities the board of a chose association A clarification of the three Es (economy, productivity and viability) A clarification of the strain between cost minimisation and quality boost Evaluation of the hugeness of the five execution goals cost; trustworthiness; adaptability; quality and speed that support tasks the executives Task 2 Develop a lot of p rocedure records with clarification to survey and assess compelling activities the executives at the furniture provider organization. Clarify direct programming and assess basic way examination and system arranging Evaluate basic way investigation and system arranging Explain the requirement for operational arranging and control in creating a furniture Design and talk about potential formats for delivering furniture and unmistakably characterize operational results. Produce a system design and demonstrate the resultant basic way for any structure procedure of the organization Identify approaches can be utilized for venture the executives and quality control in deals, stock or buys process Answers: Presentation: Activity the board is the greater part worry for any association not considering of its system just as term. Simultaneously this is concerned viewing the plotting just as scheming of the creation procedure (AtwahAl-ma'aitah, 2013). So as to comprehend the operational administration process in business setting, a specific business situation is considered here, where a café network is working its business in London (Ahmed et al., 2014). To guarantee their operational achievement, different setting of activity the board is considered as well. Along these lines, this report gives data about the organization foundation, assets, creation process, its dynamic procedure, advertising methodology, the executives structure, budgetary examination, eatery promoting, and so forth to evaluate the achievement of its activity in area. The café that is being featured in this report is Bread Street Kitchen that is situated at the core of the city of London in the United Kingdom. It is essentially situated at the bread road territory and runs effectively. As the business is developing consistently and at a more noteworthy pace, the hierarchical administration intends to audit its activity procedure for maintainability viewpoint in the London city. The café premises would be very large, an aggregate of 130 square feet. 1. Understanding the nature and the significance of the Operational Management Clarification on the significance of the Operations Management for Organization Concurring toMeng (2012), activity the board is tied in with fitting the inward just as the outside reachable assets following a particular strategy that it look like proficient to persuade the authoritative objectives over the long haul. In the contemporary time period, larger part of the associations are proposed to achieve the viability just as proficiency inside their business technique. As an outcome, the most significant target of the activity the executives is directed to improve the system that increase the hierarchical fitness to utilize its assets for achieving the creation viability. In this way, the facts demonstrate that activity the executives is the amalgamation of the various developments inside the hierarchical structure. Figure 1: Importance of Operational administration (Ahmed et al., 2014) Examination of Operations Functions of Bread Street Kitchen Any business to take a firm choice with respect to any undertaking, it needs to experience a progression of steps like initially, issue acknowledgment, besides search process, thirdly assessment of choices, choosing stage, lastly assessment of choice. The association referenced here must start the procedure of dynamic with the underlying advance of issue acknowledgment where it needs to recognize all the goals and points in the corporate setting (Ahmed et al., 2014). For the Bread Street Kitchen, the issue lies in the way that the association means to continue itself in London through upgrading its activity procedure. For this, it needs to recognize all requirements. The subsequent procedure expresses that the hunt procedure should be led fundamentally. This progression includes leading a statistical surveying just as social affair all related data. Data gives the fundamental establishment to hierarchical development and achievement. Assessment of options incorporates distinguishing and afterward evaluating all choices to choose the best chance. When the best methodology has been chosen, it is executed and assessed. Compelling observing is to be led to keep up the steady position. Assessment of the Operations Management through procedure model Information: The Bread Street Kitchen eatery would receive a forma café structure, in which the significant items to be given incorporate different kinds of mainland nourishments, pizzas, burgers, sandwiches, and even refreshments like tea, espresso, soda pops and organic product juices (Qur'an, 2009). Transformation: The cooler, microwave, espresso machines, dishwasher, and all vital electronic hardware would be sourced from Comet, whereby a business participation account is to be made. All cooking gear like plates, plate, spoons, forks, bowls, and so forth would be sourced from Makro, which offers different discount food things to various little or enormous organizations. All food fixings that would be required in enormous sum all the time would be sourced from markets, since they offer significant markdown for entrepreneurs. Not all food things would be set up in house. Or maybe, to evade such a postponement or disarray, the association would set up a portion of the food things that it spends significant time in and some different things like sandwiches, burgers, pizzas would be source from retailers that have some expertise in the very items (Ogbogu, 2013). This thought of purchasing food things from wholesalers all the time would permit the association to hold the most extreme benefits with i tself by re-appropriating the harder piece of the activity and holding the simpler part to win and hold greatest benefits. All mainland food things would be set up by colorful culinary experts inside its premises. Figure: The procedure Model Checking: As the eatery is high evaluated and costly the objective clients have a place with the higher class of the general public. These are the expected clients (Ng, 2004). The area of the café is on the side of the road of an incredibly bustling road with a few major organizations and laborers around to visit the eatery at any piece of the day. Additionally, being probably the busiest street of London, the area is perfect as a few passers-by pass the road consistently. An examination indicated that there are no such enormous eateries or bistros in the region around. In this way, one at the area would make it a perfect spot for individuals to visit. Opportunity exists for such an eatery to develop at the district, since relatively few cafés are situated at the particular region (AtwahAl-ma'aitah, 2013). Direct rivalry is very low in the business that is typically profoundly serious. A portion of the shops or cafeterias that are somewhat far off to the area may force a danger if the eatery isn't all around kept up to pull in clients. Yield: The general administrations that the Bread Street Kitchen would give would be friendliness administrations, whereby clients would show up and loosen up themselves with scrumptious food and reviving beverages. Aside from wooden seats there would be couches orchestrated in a round way to add to the magnificence of the café inside (Coughlan, 2005). The climate would be upgraded with music everything being equal. 2. Understanding the connection between Operation Management and Strategic Planning Three Es Explanation Monetary: The monetary part of activity the board essentially rotates around how well the association ready to keep up its outlook in the commercial center as far as giving more affordable however quality item. In this particular setting, for Bread Street Kitchen, therefore it is become especially basic viewpoint to furnish more affordable nourishments with keeping up the quality angle. Exploration about the pay level of UK resident, where 50 individuals is considered as the example shows that the normal salary scope of the UK residents [40% of the all out citizens] rotates around simply over the 50,000 every month, which proposes that the objective gathering of Bread Street Kitchen eateries will be working class individuals. The higher class individuals acquiring more than 80,000 or more 5, 00,000 are 10% subsequently the food items ought to be valued remembering the salary level of the mass populace. Presently, this encourages the specialist to comprehend the salary level and the buying inte nsity of the residents. Along these lines, the costs of the food things should be made in understanding to the buying intensity of the residents. Productivity: Productivity is other significant part of activity the executives, which investigates how well the association keeps up its activity to satisfy the interest of its client. Here, the productivity of the Bread Street Kitchen can be estimated as far as how often clients visits the café. The overview appeared around 50%of the clients opined they visit the cafés twice in a month which implies that the administrations of the eatery are gigantically benefited in UK. Further, to quantify the effectiveness of the association, the specialist attempted to an

This I Believe Essays

This I Believe Essays This I Believe Paper This I Believe Paper This I Believe: Isabel Allende: In Giving I associate with others. This Chapter truly stood out to me; by perusing I found a great deal association. â€Å"In Giving I Connect with Others,† the title justifies itself with real evidence, however to expound and go inside and out, the author Isabel Allende had a 28-year old little girl who was extremely debilitated, went in a state of unconsciousness and later past in 1992. Losing her little girl in her very arms was hard for her. While in her procedure of despondency she reflect over her life, she went to the understanding that she was as yet a similar individual she had been 50 years prior. She despite everything had the energy forever, becomes hopelessly enamored effectively, hungers for equity, and brutally free. Her little girl Paula carried on with an existence of administration. She went through her days chipping in at a few offices. She went through eight hours every day, six days seven days helping ladies and kids. She never had the cash, however she required practically nothing. Paula’s passing was a difficult time for her mom to adapt to. She needed to relinquish everything that may helped her to remember girl; everything from her voice, chuckling, appearance, and furthermore her soul. Losing Paula was a purging encounter for Isabel, she had to dispose of overabundance stuff and kept just what was fundamental and significant. Paula showed her mom Isabel an entirely significant exercise â€Å"don’t get so appended to anything†. I for one took in a great deal from this part. I am continually ready to help other people in any capacity that I can. I generally volunteer when there is an opening. So far I have volunteer in different areas, for example, Valley Rescue Mission, Feeding the Homeless, Clothing Bank, Teen Challenge, and so forth. Growing up I have consistently discovered that it is smarter to offer than to get. Since when you provide for somebody out of the integrity of your heart, no one can tell how much you’re offering intended to them. I am continually taking care of my personal business prepared to provide for Goodwill and the Clothing Bank. I have consistently been trained that when you need to part with something, put yourself at the opposite end, on the off chance that what you’re giving doesn't look satisfactory, at that point don’t give it. Providing for the less blessed is continually inspiring for me. I generally love to see the grin on their countenances when they get. The term â€Å"Giving† doesn’t essentially mean giving material things; it can likewise mean giving mentally. Offering your insight to others can likewise be useful. For instance, on the off chance that you have progressively about a particular point or subject and somebody is battling with that equivalent region that you are capable with, the best activity as a faithful individual is help that individual and feed them with a similar information that you have so they can acquire understanding. There are numerous ways go give. The primary concern is the point at which we give out of affection and empathy the idea of accepting a â€Å"prize† or a â€Å"thank you† back ought not make any difference. The prize ought to be the effect you made on the less blessed and the joy that you brought to them. Isabel said in the part, â€Å"what is the purpose of having experience, information or ability on the off chance that I don’t part with it? Of having stories on the off chance that I don’t advise them to other people, of having riches on the off chance that I don’t share it? We as a whole have a great deal to give; we can't have that much within us that we will not impart to other people. Through giving we meet others; we associate with others that we never knew existed. I am consistently prepared to provide for anyone, I never search for a thank you consequently as long as they are cheerful and fulfilled, that is the only thing that is important to me, putting a grin on somebody else’s face is the main thing that issues. â€Å"In Giving I Connect With Others. †

The Renaissance And The Reformation

The Renaissance And The Reformation Upon beginning examination, the Renaissance and the Reformation have all the earmarks of being two totally separate times of progress that happened in Western Europe with similarly different causes and purposes. The Renaissance, actually a period of resurrection, denoted the conclusive break from the Middle Ages and the rediscovery for the valuation for human expressions, writing, and the further improvement of legislative issues and economy. Then again, the Reformation concentrated for the most part on the split of beliefs managing the congregation and the techniques with which reformers, for example, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other people who lectured against simony, the selling of guilty pleasures, and basically managing the degenerate methods of the Church. While the two may not hold up under numerous ostensibly evident similitudes, the Reformation, truth be told, relied intensely on the human advancements during the Renaissance. The absolute most significant archive connecting the Renaissance and the Reformation is the 95 Theses, composed by Martin Luther who posted it on the entryway of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany. This bit of composing which for the most part tends to the ill-advised maltreatment of administrative forces and the unethical direct of selling extravagances, which was at first activated by mercantilism and the rising significance of cash in a developing practical society, was just ready to be circled all through Germany with the assistance of the print machine. In spite of the fact that the print machine, designed by Johannes Gutenberg, was not an immediate result of the Renaissance, it was the changing bit of innovation which permitted the dissemination of various printed duplicates of the Bible all through Western Europe, filled in as a significant device in building up a very much educated, proficient populace during the Renaissance in Europe, and, obviously, printed more than 300,000 duplicates of Luthers 95 Theses, the impetus of the Protestant Reformation. With the guide of the print machine, the individuals of Western Europe turned out to be additionally instructed by having a more noteworthy chance to come into contact with a Bible. Before perusing the Bible for themselves, individuals were just capable depend on the expressions of the papacy, the pastorate, and different individuals from the congregation, who were, unbeknownst to the basic man, in truth degenerate. Through getting individual information from perusing the Bible (even the individuals who couldn't peruse Latin currently approach the Bible converted into vernacular, English, or German), individuals presently felt they had the control to define their own choices and got a handle on the possibility that they won't be constrained by a degenerate church. With this perspective, secularization, the partition from strict impacts, and independence, the acknowledgment of oneself as having virtue, prospered all through the Renaissance in Europe. While perusing the Bible altogether guided the individuals of Western Europe in Luthers general course of thought even preceding the start of the Protestant Reformation, another gathering of individuals known as the Humanists, who gave their opportunity to genuinely comprehend the Classics crafted by Socrates, Plato, and other antiquated Greek scholars started killing the possibility of scholasticism, which was, basically, thinking everything as they are told. Individuals started to peruse, appreciate, and settle on choices for themselves without depending carefully on the congregation. Books, for example, Castigliones The Book of the Courtier, which instructed men to be the ideal respectable men, and ladies to be the ideal women of honor, and Erasmus In Praise of Folly, which parodies and derides the Church of its mistaken ways (Palmer, 72), were distributed and perused. The conclusive outcome was a more noteworthy development of secularization and independence which prompted a nons top detachment of the individuals from the congregation. Notwithstanding an undeniably self-deciding populace, one occasion which turns into the impetus to touch off a feeling of doubt among the ordinary citizens of Europe towards the congregation was The Great Schism. The emergency of doling out different papacies was not just a sign of the controlling of the force given to the popes so as to fulfill the Churches guilty pleasure, yet in addition caused the ardent to address which of the papacies really holds the keys of Peter, or basically if any congregation whatsoever would lead them to salvation (Palmer, 53). This disappointment with the congregation spread through all positions of society, from the rulers to the average folks. From these vulnerability grew the lessons of John Wyclif and John Huss, who both bolstered the philosophy of salvation by perusing the Bible, and not from the lessons of a sorted out chapel (Palmer, 54). This prompted the inevitable censure of the Pope, or for this situation, Popes, as a strict pioneer. With researchers and individuals when all is said in done allowed the capacity to at long last peruse and examine the Bible for themselves, significant scholars, for example, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, just to give some examples, rose, endeavoring to address the mistaken methods of the degenerate church. Luther, who lectured not for making another religion yet to just address the misdeeds of the congregation, made an interpretation of the Bible into numerous available dialects and accumulated numerous supporters who concurred wholeheartedly with his definitive guideline of salvation by confidence alone, and that lone the Bible contains the genuine expressions of God. One last part of the Renaissance that influenced the strategy of individuals all through the Reformation was the turn of events and authorization of governmental issues. While the thoughts of Luther, Calvin, and different scholars made new holy places ascend in towns, they couldn't supplant the already existing church before some administration mediation. The new church didn't have quick capacity to break up the old church and was committed to look out for governments choice before executing and making a move. Albeit badly arranged for those anxiously anticipating the further spread of the Protestant Church, the more powerful given to the legislature and the development of governmental issues created through the Renaissance gave a more noteworthy wellspring of request for the individuals during the Reformation. The Renaissance and the Reformation, albeit to a great extent not at all like, significantly supplemented each other in different perspectives. From the most significant progression of teaching the people so as to impart in them the comprehension of independence and detachment from scholasticism, to the underlying disappointment towards the congregation brought about by disarrays of The Great Schism, to crafted by Castiglione and Erasmus, the Renaissance molded the psyches of those already ignorant of the impropriety of the Church into the brains of those readied for a change through the Reformation.

Physical Education System Is It Necessary - Free Essay Example

Technology has been more and more useful recently. It has developed more to help people live better and more comfortably. However, because of high technology, people are getting lazier and lazier. They don’t need to move their bodies so much because technology does most things that they have to do but don’t want to do. Especially, a smartphone is the most common high technology device around people. Nowadays, not only the students in high school but also the students in elementary school and junior high school use the device. It doesn’t mean that having a smartphone is bad for them, but if they have it, they tend to waste their time and don’t have time to exercise sufficiently due to it. According to the research of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2010, about eighty percent of adolescents who were the ages of eleven to seventeen didn’t work out enough to meet the standard of the exercise time established by WHO. The organization also proclaims that children and adolescents who are the ages of five to seventeen have to work out at least one hour per day and should do the training which makes their bodies stronger three times a week because they can get many benefits through exercise (2018). In spite of the fact that there are some students who say that they don’t need to take a physical class and work out so much, they don’t know the good results they would get from exercise. Students should definitely take at least one physical education class because there are a lot of positive effects to them according to the reports and the research of exercise. The first benefit students get from exercise is mental advantages. Students feel stressed a lot when they are in school. The fear about taking a exam is a common concern for them. Everyone knows that getting high score on a test is better than getting low score on it. As a result of that, students usually try to stay up late to study for their exams. Staying up late leads to the problem that students can’t sleep enough. Another concern they have is about the relationship with their friends and classmates. There are a lot of people who have variety of personalities worldwide and people should adapt to the personality that makes them feel uncomfortable and they don’t think they can be on good terms with well. Nevertheless, most adolescents and children can’t deal with the problem well because they haven’t experienced such a complicated relationship enough yet. Consequently, they tend to hold it in their feelings and feel stressed so much. Exercise can be a good method to get rid of stress. Actually, most students know exercise is good for their health and they have felt good or comfortable at least once after finishing exercise. However, they don’t know specifically how it works to their bodies. Here is the explanation about it. According to Mayo Clinic, which is confirmed as one of the best hospitals all over the world, workout leads to the increase of people’s endorphins from their brains. Endorphin is a substance that is a kind of brain chemical. It makes people avoid feeling sad, unhappy or depressed. Instead of that, Endorphins help people to feel happy, joyful or please. That means people tend to positively think the things that used to be frustrating to them after finishing exercise. Moreover, humans cannot do two tasks at the same time, so they have to forget one of them while they are doing the other task, which means that while they are playing sports or working out, they would be able to forge t the frustrating days. After finishing exercise, they will be able to think that there is no use thinking about the annoying days and be calm. These are what students need in their school lives (2018). Self-esteem means the confidence someone has about themselves. When students spend their time in school, they have many chances to face bad situations where cause them to have low self-esteem, for example, the time they get a bad score on a test and the situation they are insulted by their friends. If people lose their self-esteem, they will start to criticize themselves and won’t try to do anything because they think they don’t have any good abilities in spite of no reason. In addition to that, they tend to pay attention to not their good results but their bad results. Once students lose their self-esteem, the symptom will be getting worse and worse. The one way to make better the disease is Exercise. Exercise helps people not only release their frustrations but also increase their internal energies. If students have internal energies so much, they can get high self-esteem. According to The University Of Queensland, high self-esteem influences students to think good w ays all time ( ). For example, the students who have high self-esteem try to think other students around them and what they should do for them instead of considering themselves too much because they don’t compare themselves with other students. Another example is even though they get a bad score on a exam, they don’t criticize themselves too much. As a substitute, they try to seek how to get a better score on a next exam and conduct the way earlier than the students who have low self-esteem because they believe they can do anything if they try to do it. Like these examples, high self-esteem is very important for students and they can gain it from exercise sufficiently. Exercise has a lot of good advantages for their mental health. According to Ogden, Carroll†¦, between 1988 and 1994, the rate of the students who were the ages of twelve to nineteen and obese in the U.S. is 10.5%. In this group, 2.6% were considered extremely obese. However, between 2013 and 2014, the rate of obesity for this age group had doubled and the rate of extreme obesity had almost quadrupled.(2016) The causes of the problem are Calories, unhealthy food, genes, and the decrease of physical activity time. When students eat lunch, they usually choose junk food in a cafeteria because it is cheaper than healthy food and it is what most students like. However, junk food has many calories, high sugar and high fat even though it has low nutritional value. As a result of that, it makes students get unhealthy and fat. Also, genes cause them to be obese. If students’ parents are obese, the possibility of students’ being obese will increase, but the thought that completely attributes obesity to genes is wrong. Genes are not the 1 00% cause. Genes are just slightly related to the cause of obesity. Stress, poor diet, lack of sleep are the main causes of it. Additionally, inactivity is also one of the reasons. Students don’t have time to work out because they watch TV, Netflix, and Youtube so much, play video games a lot, or aren’t just curious about physical activity. Helen Goncalves, David A. Gonzà ¡lez and others investigated the difference of thinking about the causes of obesity with focus on nourish status and socioeconomic status. They concluded: Low-income obese adolescents and their mothers perceive obesity as a events. However, low-income eutrophic adolescents emphasize the role of unhealthy diets on obesity development. Among the high-income adolescents, those who are obese attribute it to genetic factors and emotional problems, whereas those who are eutrophic mention unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity as the main causes of obesity.(2012) No matter whether students and their mothers are high-income or not, the students who are obese tend to think that inactivity is not the reason of obesity. Both of them are likely to think that genetic factors are the reason of it.

The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 1801 Words

The Cold War from 1945 to 1960 exemplified the consequences of having two world superpowers. Following the conclusion of World War Two, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the top nations around the world. The two nations were polar opposites. The United States was a flourishing democracy and an ideology of freedom for citizens. The Soviet Union under the control of the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin was a strict totalitarian government with communist ideals. The Cold War period would represent the tension, controversy, and differences between the two nations attempting to be considered the top power militarily, socially, economically and politically. The origins of the Cold War can be explained by the vast number of†¦show more content†¦Economically, the United States believed in a capitalist approach and a free-market while the Soviets practiced the path of socialism and state-planning. For both countries, their opponent during the Cold War seemed to call into question the fundamentals to their society. These differences seemed like attacks to the other and would cause the tension among the two nations to grow very deep and can be considered one of the greatest origins of the Cold War. Another origin of the Cold War can be attributed to the conflicting desires of the two superpowers. Both nations wanted to have global influences around the world in order for them to achieve distinct goals. The United States had economic desires. The nation wished to establish trade partnerships, new resources and make money for the country. The American economy was already flourishing, and that would continue if the United States expanded into global markets. However, the Soviet Union had desires along the ideological path. Their leader, Joseph Stalin hoped to spread Communism and establish satellite nations. This origin of the cold war also appeared to be a goal for the Soviet Unions. By establishing these satellite nations, the Soviet Union would have a broader sphere of influence as the top communist nation around the world. In contrast with this goal, the United States developed the containment policy which will be a key objective for the U.S. during the Cold War. The containme nt policy outlined theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselv es through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insec urity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers

The Hacked World Order By Adam Segal - 1259 Words

Adam Segal’s â€Å"The Hacked World Order† reveals many prevalent issues in today’s technologically centered society. Starting at Year Zero, June 2012 to June 2013, the battle over cyberspace witnessed world-changing cyberattacks. This was accomplished due to the fact that nearly 75% of the world’s population has easy access to a mobile phone, and the Internet connects nearly 40% of the total human population, which is nearly 2.7 billion people. With that being said, cyberattacks are becoming a more realistic form of terror. The danger behind these attacks is Year Zero began with the detection of the Stuxnet malware, allegedly developed by the United States, who partnered with Israel. This malware was released in order to damage Iranian machines and â€Å"mess with Iran’s best scientific minds.† Stuxnet proved that the United States was willing to do whatever it took to develop these forms of offensive capabilities which are needed to â€Å"dominate the cyber battlespace.† This attack was used to send Iran’s nuclear program back almost two years. I think that what made Stuxnet dangerous was that it was nearly impossible to detect, developers had â€Å"zero days† to fix or patch damage that had already been done. The computers used to transfer the malware were not connected to the Internet, they jumped the â€Å"air gap† by allowing the malware to be transferred through portable devices, leading to an even more traumatic cyberattack. I believe that the US knew the risks for deploying this type ofSh ow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAre You Feeling Right Now? 98 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Affect Intensity? 104 Myth or Science? We Are Better Judges of When Others Are Happy Than When They Are Sad 107 glOBalization! Should You Expect â€Å"Service with a Smile† All Around the World? 108 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123

Organisational Behaviour for Stereotypes - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Behaviour for Stereotypes. Answer: Positive And Negative Impact Of Stereotyping A stereotype is defined as an oversimplified idea or fixed image about a specific group or class of people that is widely accepted by a significant number of people. In other words, it is a general image of a person or groups set of characteristics or attributed which are widely accepted (Ryan and Sackett, 2013). Most people rely on stereotypes because they were taught that way about a culture or a group. Stereotyping occurs due to lack of experience that people have regarding a particular culture or a group, so they rely on stereotyping to fill the missing information about a person. Similarly, in organisations, employees and managers rely on stereotypes while communicating with people from different culture or religion to avoid making any statement that might be offensive to them. However, stereotyping did not take into consideration personal attributes of a person based on which employees can mistreat people from another culture in an organisation which can offend him and it incre ases conflict among employees (Kalokerinos, Von Hippel and Zacher, 2014). In order to address this issue, companies implement organisational behaviour theories. Organisational behaviour is a study of peoples interaction within a group which assist management in improving their efficiency and establishing a positive working culture (Miner, 2015). This essay will analyse what stereotypes are and why people use them in an organisational setting. This essay will analyse the impact of stereotyping at a workplace and evaluate how it affects employees performance. Further, various recommendations will be provided in the essay for minimising stereotyping at the workplace by using different organisational behaviour theories. The human resource department in organisations focuses on establishing a supportive working environment that effectively manages diversity among different employees. The companies are becoming more global which increases the requirement for diversity management. Roh and Kim (2016) provided that the diversity management is referred to the strategy which is used by a corporation for creating an inclusive and diverse workplace. Effective diversity management policies ensure that people from different cultures, background, religion, gender and caste are able to work together and support each others actions. However, stereotyping at a workplace leads to increasing disputes and conflicts among employees. Human nature is distinct from one another, and people have different attributes that differentiate them from others. But, stereotyping relies on an oversimplified image of a group or class of people based on specific characteristics (Li, Bagger and Cropanzano, 2017). People feel offended i f they are judged based on stereotypes rather than their personal characteristics. In organisations, managers rely on stereotypes due to its merits. The advantage of stereotyping is that it enables people to rapidly respond to specific situations because they have a similar experience before. In an organisational setting, leaders can rely on stereotypes while communicating with other employees so that they are able to relate to them without even knowing them. Tran and Vu (2016) argued that stereotyping enable people to fill the missing information regarding a person based on characteristics of a group or culture from which he/she belongs to. Stereotyping helps leaders when they communicate with workers from different cultures because they can rely on stereotypes and ensure that they did not make any remark that might offend them. However, in organisations, stereotyping can have a negative impact that reduces employees productivity and raise workplace disputes. There are a number of limitations of using of stereotypes at the workplace. Guillaume et al. (2017) stated that stereotyping puts labels on individual and make general assumptions about them without having any personal knowledge about them. Stereotypes are good as long as they are correct, however, incorrect stereotyping can have serious negative consequences. If a leader judges or make a remark based on an untrue stereotype about an employee, then it can offend them. The issue with stereotyping is that it makes leaders ignore the difference between each worker due to which they think things about people that are not true. Based on stereotypes, leaders can take business decisions that can affect its effectiveness. As per Big five model of personality theory, managers can divide employees based on their personalities and implement appropriate organisatio nal behaviour theories to improve their performance. The theory provides five different personalities which include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience (Walker and Vetter, 2016). However, critiques have argued that human nature differs as per each person and it cannot be categorised into five groups. Based on stereotypes, managers can make general assumptions about a persons personality and make policies for improving their performance. However, without the knowledge of personal attributes, a manager cannot judge a workers personality hence the policies will fail to motivate them. As per Equity theory of motivation, if an employee did not receive expected output based on his/her inputs, then it can negatively affect his/her productivity (Ryan, 2016). Similarly, if managers promote employees based on stereotypes rather than performance, then it will result in reduced the performance of other employees. There are a number of reasons based on which managers should make appropriate policies to minimise or eliminate stereotyping from the workplace. Lack of policies for avoiding stereotyping at the workplace can cause conflict among employees since they might mistreat each other based on stereotypes. Conflicts create a negative working environment in which it is difficult for employees to work and achieve organisational objectives (Flanagan, 2015). On the other hand, it also increases attrition rate of employees since they are more likely to switch jobs rather than working in a negative working environment. Therefore, stereotyping has a direct negative impact on a company and employees performance which reduces its effectiveness. In order to avoid stereotyping, many organisations take strict actions against people who braches diversity policies or take business decisions based on stereotypes. For example, it is a common misconception that women are not good leaders, however, corporation s are taking steps to give women employees more senior level managerial position in order to eliminate stereotypes. Harley Davidson is a good example; over 25 percent of firms workplace includes female employees, and they implement appropriate policies to promote equal growth and avoid stereotyping (Barrett, 2015). Google Incorporation also takes stereotyping very seriously and takes corrective actions against people who breach diversity management policies. For instance, the CEO of the company, Sundar Pichai, recently fired an engineer, James Damore, based on an anti-diversity memo issued by him which argued that men are superior to women (Kovach, 2018). The actions of these corporations show how important it is for companies to implementing effective diversity management policies for avoiding diversity in the workplace in order to improve employees performance and establish a positive working environment. There are different actions that can be taken by management in order to avoid stereotyping at the workplace. For example, one of the primary reasons for stereotyping is lack of experience; therefore, management should provide diversity training to employees and managers to teach them about different culture so that they avoid making assumptions. Similarly, managers should avoid making assumptions while communicating with employees which encourage other employees to improve their behaviour as well. The senior level management should also implement strict policies against stereotyping so that employees did not use stereotypes while communicating with others (Duguid and Thomas-Hunt, 2015). It will also assist in reducing stereotyping during recruitment and selection process and it will also ensure that employees are promoted based on their performance rather than stereotypes. The management can implement organisational behaviour modification: attitudes and behaviour theory of organisati onal behaviour that focuses on altering employees attitudes and behaviours to align them with corporate objectives (Walton, Murphy and Ryan, 2015). It uses technology and new found knowledge regarding human behaviour to influence employees decisions. There are five steps in this theory which include identification of issues, measuring of behaviours, establishment of triggers, development of strategies, and evaluation of effectiveness of policies (Schmader, Hall and Croft, 2015). Based on this model, managers can ensure that while communicating with each other, employees did not use stereotypes. It will assist in establishing a positive work environment in a corporation which will increase employees performance and firms profitability. In conclusion, stereotypes are referred to an oversimplification of characteristics or idea regarding a group or class of people that is widely accepted by a significant number of people. In organisations, managers and employees use stereotypes because it assists them in filling incomplete information regarding a person from different culture while communicating with him. However, stereotyping has a negative impact on a corporation because it increases workplace conflicts which reduce the performance of employees. It also results in increasing attrition rates of employees and management finds it difficult to retain employees because they did not prefer to work in a hostile environment. Therefore, stereotyping is a serious issue that affects a firms profitability, and the management should implement appropriate policies for avoiding stereotyping at the workplace. The management can take different actions to avoid stereotyping in the workplace such as providing diversity training to em ployees and managers, so they learn about other cultures and avoid making assumptions while dealing with employees from different cultures. The management can also implement strict policies against the use of stereotypes so that employees avoid using stereotypes while communicating with others. These policies can minimise or eliminate stereotyping in the workplace and establish a positive working environment which encourages employees to achieve common organisational objectives. References Barrett, R. (2015) Harley courts women and young riders. [Online] Journal Sentinel. Available at: https://archive.jsonline.com/business/harley-courts-women-and-young-riders-b99431331z1-289674181.html/ [Accessed 13th April 2018]. Duguid, M.M. and Thomas-Hunt, M.C. (2015) Condoning stereotyping? How awareness of stereotyping prevalence impacts expression of stereotypes.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), p.343. Flanagan, J. (2015) Gender and the Workplace: The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Self-Assessment of Management Skills of Female Business Students.Advancing Women in Leadership,35, p.166. Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A. (2017) Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Kalokerinos, E.K., Von Hippel, C. and Zacher, H. (2014) Is stereotype threat a useful construct for organizational psychology research and practice?.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,7(3), pp.381-402. Kovach, S. (2018) Google CEO: We didn't fire the diversity memo writer for political reasons. [Online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Google-CEO-We-didnt-fire-the-diversity-memo-writer-for-political-reasons/articleshow/62575911.cms [Accessed 13th April 2018]. Li, A., Bagger, J. and Cropanzano, R. (2017) The impact of stereotypes and supervisor perceptions of employee workfamily conflict on job performance ratings.human relations,70(1), pp.119-145. Miner, J.B. (2015)Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Roh, H. and Kim, E. (2016) The business case for gender diversity: examining the role of human resource management investments.Human Resource Management,55(3), pp.519-534. Ryan, A.M. and Sackett, P.R. (2013) Stereotype threat in workplace assessments.APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology,1, pp.661-673. Ryan, J.C. (2016) Old knowledge for new impacts: Equity theory and workforce nationalization.Journal of Business Research,69(5), pp.1587-1592. Schmader, T., Hall, W. and Croft, A. (2015) Stereotype threat in intergroup relations.APA handbook of personality and social psychology,2, pp.447-471. Tran, L.T. and Vu, T.T.P. (2016) Im not like that, why treat me the same way?The impact of stereotyping international students on their learning, employability and connectedness with the workplace.The Australian Educational Researcher,43(2), pp.203-220. Walker, M. and Vetter, T. (2016) Changing the personality of a face: Perceived Big Two and Big Five personality factors modeled in real photographs.Journal of personality and social psychology,110(4), p.609. Walton, G.M., Murphy, M.C. and Ryan, A.M. (2015) Stereotype threat in organizations: implications for equity and performance.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,2(1), pp.523-550.

Mans Search For Meaning Essays (892 words) - English-language Films

Man's Search For Meaning Man's Search For Meaning Survival and Fully Living Viktor Frankl's concept regarding survival and fully living was developed through his observations and experiences in the concentration camps. He used his psychiatric training to discern the meanings of observations and to help himself become a better person. He uses analysis to develop his own concepts and describes them in steps throughout the book. When the prisoners first arrived at the camp most of them thought they would be spared at the last moment. The prisoners believed they had a chance of surviving, but this belief was eventually eliminated and it was at this time when the prisoners began to learn how to survive by using their internal strength. A sense of humor had emerged among the prisoners. This humor helped to get through some difficult situations they faced. Viktor also observed how much a person could really endure and still live. Even though the prisoners could not clean their teeth and were deprived of warmth and vitamins, they still were able to survive. The sores and abrasions on their hands did not suppurate despite the dirt that gathered on them from the hard labor. The challenge of staying alive under these wretched conditions was to have and maintain strong internal strength. During the time he spent in the camps, Viktor learned what was needed to survive and how to keep his internal strength despite his weakening external strength. During the second stage of Viktor's psychological reaction, prisoners lost their sense of feeling and emotion toward events that would be emotional to people outside the camps. This was a result of the violent environment, which consisted of beatings of prisoners and the death of many others. The prisoners could no longer feel any disgust or horror since these emotions where very common. From Viktor's professional point of view, this observation surprised him and also gave him a different point of view of the whole situation. The pain that hurt Viktor the most was the pain he felt when he received punishment for no reason. The punishments were of an insult, and hurt the prisoners on the inside more than on the outside. Viktor also acknowledged the fact that since the prisoners lacked the primary needs, they would dream about them and put all other needs aside. Since there was a lack of food Viktor depended greatly on his inner thoughts to get himself through the suffering. He needed some hope and a reason to live. He thought about his wife and the love that they shared. Every chance, he got he thought about pleasant events from the past to help get through all the hard times. The prisoners had a life of their own in their minds. At one point Viktor gave up on trying to control his life and in sending himself into the path he wanted. He decided to let fate take its course. After a while he found out that he could not allow this to happen, his inner emotions could not stand being helpless. He had to make decisions for himself if he wanted to have some control o ver his life and if he wanted to get out of the camp alive. When the camps were closing Viktor became the emotional leader of the remaining prisoners. He raised their hopes, and by doing this he was looking at the situation from a different point of view. He believed that life expected more from them and that they had to live in order to accomplish the unfinished work they had left behind when they left their home. When Viktor and the prisoners were released everyone except Viktor had no sense of direction. They did not know what was right and what was wrong. They went around and copied the actions of the SS, not knowing that it was wrong. Victor was fortunate and did not end up like the other survivors, since he had more knowledge than they did and was able to see his opportunity to live his life again. Viktor's concept applies to my life during the times when I am feeling bad or when I just don't know what to do. When I am

Feminism in Ireland Essays

Feminism in Ireland Essays Feminism in Ireland Paper Feminism in Ireland Paper It is often said now, that Ireland is a modern European state. Men and women are legally equal; through European equality legislation this must be the case. However, Irelands history has had quite a bleak story to tell about women. In this essay, that history will be traced. The struggle women undertook in order to be allowed to vote, the female war for independence alongside the more publicised male effort and the constitutional frailties that still exist will all be described in the essay. The contemporary womens movement will also be discussed, taking in issues such as contraception, divorce, abortion and working rights, which preoccupied women in post-revolutionary Ireland. These problems, although prominent in all Western countries at the time, had particular relevance for Irish women and in many cases were far harder to overcome. Although the modern state Ireland is now has equality on the face, women still struggle in daily life with issues such as the male domination of many industries, the persistence of sexual stereotyping and the lack of progress on matters such as abortion and child care. This essay attempts to describe the development of the feminist movement in Ireland and discuss the peculiarities of the movement as opposed to those in other states, taking into account the Church, the nationalist movement and the male-dominated governments. Women in early Irish society had many of the rights that feminists have fought for in the twentieth and twenty first centuries. The original patriarchal law evolved and changed, so that women held an equal role to men in many ways. (MacCurtain and i Corri : in 1978; 1) The adoption of Christianity in Ireland had little impact on this Brehon Law, and the two existed side by side. However, on the Norman invasion, the Irish customs became diluted with those of the English, and the subsequent imposition of English law on Ireland in the seventeenth century (ibid; 11), Irish women lost their equal status. As the Church in Rome gained power and became less liberal, Christianity, combined with English law, became the dominant force in Ireland. As a result, according to Donnacha i Corri in in his essay Women in Early Irish Society (ibid), in its attitude to women and their place in society as in its attitude to many other matters modern Ireland enjoys no continuity with its Gaelic past. In the 1800s, the womens movement began in Ireland, as it did all over Western Europe. Irish feminism was naturally associated with British feminism, as both groups were looking for reforms from the same centre Westminster. Before 1900, the feminists focused on issues such as:attaining equal educational rights for girls, legal protection for married women regarding property and children, and a broadening of employment opportunities for single women. Political equality and more particularly, the parliamentary vote for women remained an ideal for most activists. (Cullen Owens 2001; 9) Successes in these areas were brought about in the 1870s and 1880s in acts such as the Intermediate Act, opening higher education to girls (MacCurtain and i Corri in 1978; 47), and a series of Acts between 1970 and 1882 which gave property ownership rights to married women. The middle- and upper-class women who supported the movement at the time seemed to win both educational and legal equality; it was political equality that was yet to be won. (Cullen Owens 2001; 9) In the 1900s, this issue came to the forefront and the womens suffrage movement reached prominence. When it came to this political equality, Irish suffragettes faced some extra problems the British ones did not have to deal with. Only one issue mattered to Irish politicians in the first two decades of the new century: Irelands domination by Britain and whether or not to fight for independence. (Smyth 1993; 20) Women had difficulty in deciding whether they should fight within their party (home rule or unionist) so that votes for women would be included in a subsequent constitution or fight for their party so that they would be repaid with the vote. Women tried both these approaches. More again tried another, refusing to support any particular side, fighting solely for suffrage. (ibid; 22) These women, with the first group, were soundly criticised by nationalists for seeking the vote from an alien government while some Home Rule Supporters were afraid of jeopardising the passage of such a bill. (Cullen Owens 2001; 13)

SHORT written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SHORT written assignment - Essay Example stolen and used to commit unauthorized and illegal transactions, with a credit card information theft through hacking of credit card companies’ data banks and servers (Elms, LaPrade & Maurer, 2008). Hacking tools include viruses, worms, bugs that are used as conduits or mediums that facilitate hacking activities. Viruses are specific pieces of software, command sequences and series of data that exploit a glitch, bug or vulnerability to propagate and proliferate in a computer, network or system (Furnell & Warren, 1999). An example of a virus is the ‘exploit’ which causes unanticipated or unintended events to occur in a computer’s operating system or application in the process of propagating itself within a computer’s system (Elms, LaPrade & Maurer, 2008). The exploit virus grants a hacker unlimited access to a computer beyond what can be granted by the system administrator. The ‘exploit’ virus works through a network security vulnerability or hole, thus giving a hacker unlimited access and control over the computer’s system (Cobanoglu & Demicco, 2007). Failure to run diagnostic scans ad installation of anti-virus software exposes a computer system to numerous threats to threats from within and without a system (Mourani, 2002). Tools used in hacking do not only result to software damage, but they also lead to hardware damage over exposure in extended periods of time. The installation of strong and vigilant anti-virus software is the best protection against malware and hacking tools deployed by malicious

Sustainability in Construction and the Integration of Building Essay - 1

Sustainability in Construction and the Integration of Building Services - Essay Example Since a large portion of the total production of electricity comes from thermal power houses, the generation of electricity also adds to the high concentration of harmful gases in the environment. The UK government has set tougher targets for itself regarding the reduction in emissions and for this energy usage reforms must be introduced in buildings because energy use in buildings accounts for half of the overall CO2 emissions in UK. The reforms include promotion of energy efficient buildings and management of energy use in the existing buildings to improve efficiency. Ensuring energy efficiency in buildings starts from the design of buildings. There are numerous techniques which can be employed to make the design of a building energy efficient and the selection of most appropriate techniques is dictated by the climate of the region. The bulk of energy used in a building is consumed in air-conditioning therefore it is imperative to minimize the need of air-conditioning in order to l essen the use of energy in a building. The incorporation of natural ventilation and other passive means of air-conditioning in the design of building can considerably reduce the overall energy consumption; similarly daylight can be utilized to the maximum by proper positioning of windows. Control systems should be installed in buildings to monitor parameters like humidity and temperature and vary the speed of fans and pumps accordingly. Controls systems can also be employed for automatically switching off appliances which are left on unnecessarily. The energy efficiency of existing buildings can be improved by creating awareness among the occupants of the buildings about the various measures they can take to lessen the use of energy in the buildings; an efficient way of doing this is by providing energy efficiency manuals to the occupants as well as the maintenance engineers. Targets should be set up for reduction of energy usage in buildings and energy managers can be appointed to achieve these targets by properly governing the use of energy in large buildings. Energy efficient designs are also financially feasible because of the rapid payback to the initial investment offered by them in the form of lower running costs. The designers should provide energy efficient designs to the clients because in this way they achieve common good for all; the client, the occupants and the environment as well (CIBSE, 2003). The climatic conditions in the 21st century have changed considerably from the past and thus the design considerations for buildings must be changed accordingly. The global climatic change which started with the industrial revolution has resulted in global warming and the climate of various regions of the world today is different from as it was 50 years back and will continue to change in the coming years. The increasing temperature will require more air-conditioning in summer which will increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the environment re sulting in further increase in temperature and the process will continue to take place leading to the destruction of planet. Therefore decreasing the energy use for air-conditioning is the foremost requirement and this must be considered in the design of all sorts of buildings. Global warming will cause the temperature in winters to increase as well, thereby reducing the heating requirement and thus reducing the use of ene

Distorted picture Essay Example for Free

Distorted picture Essay Some people regard science as the supreme form of knowledge, because science provides facts. People tend to see science as true, justified, reliable, precise and objective. However there is a significant difference between natural and social sciences. Natural sciences use the basic scientific method to find the facts about the world we live in, the natural events and processes that take place in our world. The basic scientific method or nai ve inductivism follows five stages which include observation, information, generalization, theory and explanation and prediction. However though the basic scientific method seems perfectly reliable, there may be some problems which could challenge science as the supreme form of knowledge. Social sciences study human behaviour, relationships and society. These are very subjective and very difficult to measure. The results can be distorted by the scientists because completely objective observation is even more difficult in natural sciences because seeing what you want to see gives a distorted picture. The famous philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) who was a very radical empiricist and sceptic was concerned with limits to knowledge. According to his theories science cannot give us accurate knowledge and thus should not have such a high status. The problems of natural sciences, basic scientific method and Humes theory of causation that challenges science as the supreme form of knowledge is going to be discussed further in this essay. The social sciences study human behaviour and their relationships. There are several fields of social sciences including anthropology, political science, psychology, sociology and economics. However it is important to note that human behaviour is so inconsistent and influenced by so many variables that it is impossible to measure it precisely. The problem lies also in the social scientists themselves because they are humans as well as the subjects of their attention. It is virtually impossible for them to give a completely objective observation. Firstly they are studying things that cant be measured in human behaviour such as concentration or motivation. Secondly there is the problem that if the subject of their study knows he or she is being watched, he or she can consciously or unconsciously behave in a different way than they would otherwise. Also if the person hears the prediction of the results of the experiments, they might deliberately behave in such a way either to fulfil it or not. That means that social scientists prediction can influence human behaviour. Simply being seen by the unhidden scientist distorts what is seen. Another problem of social scientists is that they see what they want to see. They cannot separate their wishes, what they want to see, from what they see in the reality. Therefore social sciences are very imprecise and unreliable. The natural sciences use the basic scientific method which contains five stages that help the scientists to come to a conclusion. Firstly, they observe through their senses a particular set of events, they record the observation that they have made and after that they make certain generalisations which form a theory. The theory helps to form prediction for the future. Natural sciences are regarded as much more reliable than social sciences because their theories can be tested more easily and the tests can be repeated several times under identical conditions. It is not so easy for the natural scientists to distort the results as for the social scientists. However, there are certain problems with this method that make it seem unreliable too. Firstly, it has to be mentioned that observation comes through our senses. Unfortunately, our senses can be quite easily deceived. It is impossible to make our senses completely objective. We often see what we believe we should see or what we want to see or our hearing can be again influenced by our belief or a wish. This means that we cannot trust our senses completely. Secondly, science as an activity that is supposed to be detached from emotional content, however the scientists doing the experiments and the observations are humans an they cannot detach from their nature. Simply they can observe things that they want to observe because of many reasons such as political, financial, practical and also personal motives. And thirdly there is the problem of the observational statement which means that the scientists have to put their observations into words, which can influence the effect that the observation makes on people. Then there is the problem of the way we treat and use our knowledge. The process of inductive reasoning that we use in our everyday life follows this pattern: the experience or the observation comes first and based on it a prediction for the future or a general statement is made. There is a big strength about this way of reasoning. Firstly, science is based on this kind of reasoning and most of the people regard science as the supreme form of knowledge. Secondly it is quite obvious that the human race couldnt function without inductive reasoning because most or even all of our thinking processes follow the rules of inductive reasoning. If inductive reasoning was wrong, then human beings couldnt be classed as rational beings. However, there are weaknesses in this inductive reasoning that really raise doubts about human beings as rational beings. It is important to see that there is no necessary connection between the past and the future and also that the observation made could have been mistaken. The unconnected past and future can be very well expressed in Bertrand Russellstory about an inductivist turkey1. This story explains that we cannot make predictions or statements based on our past experience and observations because they are absolutely independent from what will happen in the future. This flaw of inductive reasoning seriously challenges the knowledge obtained through science because science is based on past observations. But if inductive reasoning is really wrong then science is based on very uncertain grounds. The philosopher David Hume created a theory which challenged the idea of causation. Causation means one event causing another, But can we really say that one event caused another? Usually when we see event A and then event B which followed event A, we tend to say that event B was caused by event A. But actually we observed just event A followed by event B, we didnt observe the cause the link between A and B. So to say that event B happened because of event A is not the same as to say that event A happened and then event B happened. We never experience the cause. An example can be day followed by night. In the past, the day was always followed by night and yet the day is not the cause of night. Day and night are both caused by something else (rotation of the earth on its axis as it goes around the Sun). So the connection between these two things can be invariant without either of them being the cause of the other. If this all is right, then science is again put into a very strange position and it seems to be based on very uncertain foundations and we can never talk about anything with absolute certainty. According to Hume, just the reason that we believe that the sun will rise every morning is based on our past experience and though it may be true that the sun has risen every morning of our lives, this is not enough evidence to guarantee the truth of the thesis that the sun will always rise. In social sciences the major problem is the inconsistency of human behaviour. If people regard social sciences as the supreme form of knowledge, they misunderstand the way social sciences work. It is impossible to rely completely on social sciences because there are too many variables that can influence the results. However if people regard natural sciences as the supreme form of knowledge, they misunderstand knowledge very much because there are so many problems and mistakes in human reasoning and the way they process information and deduce conclusions from information that was processed in a wrong way or was inadequate to support the conclusion. This theory can be very much supported by the theory of David Hume, a famous philosopher, who challenged science very much by his laws of causation. 1The turkey found that, on his first morning at the turkey farm, that he was fed at 9 a. m. Being a good inductivist turkey he did not jump to conclusions. He waited until he collected a large number of observations that he was fed at 9 a. m. and made these observations under a wide range of circumstances, on Wednesdays, on Thursdays, on cold days, on warm days. Each day he added another observation statement to his list. Finally he was satisfied that he had collected a number of observation statements to inductively infer that I am always fed at 9 a. m. However on the morning of Christmas eve he was not fed but instead had his throat cut. http://marr. bsee. swin. edu. au/~dtl/het704/lecture3/logfals/node6. html, 20th September 2004

Field of Dreams - The Innocence in History :: Field of Dreams Essays

Field of Dreams - The Innocence in History [1] Baseball is America’s favorite pastime. When people hear the word "America," they think of apple pie, meat and potatoes, July 4th, and inevitably the everlasting love of this country, baseball. The credit is given to a man named Alexander J. Cartwright, who drew up a set of rules for a game played with a bat, a round ball, and a glove. Along with the rules came a sketching of a diamond-shaped field on which the game was to be played. The rules that Cartwright wrote up in 1845 may have very well changed somewhat, but the game of baseball has remained remarkably constant throughout history into today. [2] Cartwright was a part of a baseball club team called the â€Å"New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club,† and his rules were for use of only this club. Soon after, other clubs started to become interested in these rules, and they adopted them into their own ball clubs and games. â€Å"It is evident that other teams were playing a good brand of ball, for in the first baseball game on record, played in Elysian Fields, Hoboken, N.J., on June 19, 1846, a team called the New Yorks, playing under Cartwright’s rules on a diamond of his specifications, defeated the Knickerbockers 23 to 1 in four innings† (Lieb1). [3] Baseball then expanded itself and moved on to integrating young men of â€Å"means and social positions.† In the 1850’s, baseball had a tremendous power that engaged many people from the East Coast part of the country. It got artisans, tradesmen, and shipwrights to form teams and play against each other. These teams of working men played against other teams that were made up of socialites. Within these club teams, though, there was a lot of disagreement because the people who used to partake in these games were mainly from the New York and Massachusetts areas. There were many discrepancies between the New York rules and the Massachusetts rules. This then led to the founding of the National Association of Baseball Players on March 10, 1858. [4] The new rules that the National Association of Baseball Players had installed then allowed the amateurs and others to play the game as well.

International studies-global childhood Essay

This article written about the number of children who die on daily basis from various reasons is intended to inform the general globe community of the deaths so that appropriate measures can be taken to counter the trend. Anup points out that this is a global issue as it affects everybody in the world in regard to social, political, economical and environmental aspects. According to me, child mortality or the death of children is a global issue which should be ignored but instead should be given a priority by every authority since it affects virtually everyone either directly or directly (Shah, 2010). Just as Anup states in the Article, the number of children who die on daily basis is a matter of international concern. Anup further outlines the importance of understanding the issue of child mortality. He points out that the child mortality rate is significant in that it is a gauge to assess the general wellbeing of children and specifically the child health. To begin with, Anup mentions that it evaluates the end results of the development process of a country rather than the input. It evaluates concepts like the capital calorie accessible or the ratio of medical personnel to the population which are an essential towards achieving positive child welfare (Shah, 2010). Anup notes that child mortality rate is dependent on a number of factors which include nutritional status and the mothers ‘knowledge on health matters, the degree of immunization and the accessibility of maternal and child health services. Other determinants of child mortality rate are availability of food and clean and safe drinking water. The entire safety of the child’s environment also contributes to child mortality rate (Shah, 2010). Child mortality rate is not affected by mathematical computations like average. GNI per capita for instance will be affected by average because the natural scale places the children wealth people at a 1,000 times chance of surviving as although the human-designed scale which does not place them at equal position in regard to income (Shah, 2010). This information including the figure is accurate and reliable since it has been summarized from UNICEF findings. A do agree with Anup that this is enough justification of the significance of understanding child mortality. This is particularly because UNICEF is very elaborate on child issues and usually provides relevant and accurate information concerning children issues (Shah, 2010). The writer compares the figure of the number of children who die on daily basis with well known world disasters in order to create a clear picture of the issue in question. Anup equates the figure to the number of people who succumbed to the 2010 Haiti earthquake if had to occur every 9-10 days and the 2004 Asian tsunami if it were to occur every ten days (Shah, 2010). The writer has further justified his report by quoting the sources of the data that he used for comparison. The figure of the number of the victims who died from the Haiti earthquake was taken from the reliable BBC reports (BBC, 2010). He converts the figure to various ratios in order to bring out a more concrete outline of the seriousness of the issue. For instance he mentions that the 24,000 children dying every minute is equivalent to a single child dying after every 3. 6 seconds or close to 9 million children dying in each year. According to Anup, 79 million children died between the years 2000 and 2007 (Shah, 2010). He has used various simple graphs to illustrate the trend of child mortality rate. The causes of this large number of deaths are poverty, hunger and certain diseases and illness that that can either be cured or prevented (Shah, 2010). The writer is also surprised at the manner in which this disaster is not in the headlines. He mentions that just as the global community responds to other disasters like the disastrous earthquakes, it should respond similarly to the escalating child mortality rates (Shah, 2010). I support the writer in this aspect because little has been documented on child mortality rates. This has further worsened the problem because many authorities, agencies or organizations that could offer significant help to bring this disaster under control have completely ignored the issue or have not taken it with the seriousness it deserves. This is partly because the issue is not found in the headlines (Shah, 2010). Conclusion I support Anup’s report that the issue of child mortality rate has not been taken with the magnitude that it deserves by the world’s authorities, agencies and any relevant organization. This issue should be regarded as a disaster because the number of children dying every day from the various causes is even larger than that resulting from some of the world’s worst tragedies like the Haiti earthquake (BBC, 2010). The issue is rarely placed in the headlines and thus fails to attract the appropriate attention. Child mortality rate is very important in assessing the general wellbeing of children. Child mortality rate further affects political, social, political and environmental issues in the globe either in a direct or an indirect manner (Global issues, 2010).

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 997 Words

For my individual book, I read the scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne got the idea for the book The Scarlet Letter when he worked in a publishing house and discovered a scarlet A along with some documents. The Scarlet Letter is a story about Hester Prynne and how she lives with her sin of adultery. From this sin she got her daughter Pearl. Pearl is somewhat of a minor character in the book, but obviously a very important one. Throughout the book people try and find out who is pearl’s father, who is revealed in the end. Pearl was born when Hester was still in prison. It is assumed that Hester was put in prison when her pregnancy started to show. There is not much to really say about Pearl in the beginning because she was still a baby. When Pearl was three People in town started talking about her and her mother. They said that Hester wasn’t a fit mother, and should have Pearl taken away. Hester was alarmed and rushed to the governor s mansion to try and conv ince the leaders to let her keep Pearl. The leaders decided to ask Pearl religious questions to decide if she was being raised right. When Pearl was asked the questions, she acted like she didn’t know them, even when she did. This shows that she was stubborn from an early age. This was probably from being isolated from others. At one point, Pearl is around other children and it shows how odd she really has grown up to be. She is mean to the other children, and it seems that she has no interest in actuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements